Staging and Grading of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Oral cancer is the 8th and 13th most common malignancy in the world for males and females, respectively. Globally, over 90% of malignancies affecting the mouth and maxillofacial region are oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC), 80-90% of which are associated with tobacco and alcohol use. The oral cavity being the first entry point for various carcinogens is a common site for occurrence of OSCC. The major subsites affected by OSCCs are the lips, anterior tongue, floor of mouth, buccal mucosa, upper and lower alveolar ridges, hard palate, and retromolar trigone. The 5-year survival rate from OSCCs has not significantly improved in the past more...